Understanding Hindi Verbs Conjugation: Tips and Lessons

Hindi has a rich history that stretches back over a thousand years, evolving from Sanskrit through Prakrit and later Apabhraṃśa dialects before taking its modern form. During the Mughal era and the rise of regional kingdoms, Hindi absorbed influences from Persian and Arabic, while the printing press and 19th‑century literary movements helped standardise its grammar and vocabulary.

Today, Hindi stands among the most widely spoken languages in the world, connecting more than 310 million native speakers across India and the global diaspora, including vibrant communities in places like Singapore. This heritage, paired with its structured approach to verbs, makes it both fascinating and approachable for learners.

When exploring Hindi verbs, understanding the stem is the first step, as it forms the foundation from which other variations grow. By observing how regular endings attach to a stem, you can easily differentiate singular from plural and express a range of tenses, including perfect actions.

Each subject (like “I” or “they”) shapes the verb’s forms, creating a logical system rather than a set of random rules. A Singaporean learner, for instance, might compare this to a hawker centre: the stem is like the main dish, while the different endings are toppings you choose to suit the occasion, making it a familiar, everyday process of building meaning. For a deeper dive, check out [A Guide to Hindi grammar].

The Journey of Hindi to Official Status

Imagine the year 1947, when India had just gained independence. The country, bursting with diversity, needed a common thread to unite its people. In those days, the air was thick with debates in the Constituent Assembly—should the official script for the nation’s language be Persian, a legacy of centuries of Mughal rule, or Devanagari, deeply tied to Sanskrit roots?

Some leaders argued passionately for Persian script, pointing to its elegant curves and long-standing influence in courtly culture, while others rallied behind Devanagari, claiming it was the voice of the heartland, clear and accessible to the masses. The discussion was anything but quiet—it felt like a tug-of-war of culture and identity. Behind closed doors, letters and petitions flowed in from poets, teachers, and ordinary citizens who believed that Hindi in Devanagari could give a new India its voice.

Since being in India, I am more convinced than ever before that the method of nonviolent resistance is the most potent weapon available to oppressed people in their struggle for justice and human dignity.

- Martin Luther King, Jr., American Baptist minister and activist

Finally, in 1949, after countless sessions and emotional speeches, a consensus emerged. Hindi, written in Devanagari, was declared one of the official languages of the Republic of India in the Constitution of 1950. It wasn’t the victory of one script over another, but rather a step toward uniting a nation still healing from the wounds of partition.

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How Verb Conjugation in Hindi Works: A Simple Breakdown

Verb conjugation in Hindi revolves around adjusting a verb based on the subject, gender, and time of action. A simple starting point is to observe how verbs like jaa (to go) or kar (to do) change their endings depending on whether the speaker is feminine or masculine, and whether they refer to the past, present, or future. For example, when a man says “I went,” it becomes main gaya, while for a woman, it is main gayi. Similarly, “you do” translates as aap karte hain for masculine and aap karti hain for feminine. These subtle variations form the foundation of all conjugation patterns, allowing speakers to express actions naturally and accurately.

To make this concept relatable, think of a Singapore hawker centre. The verb stem is like the base dish—say, chicken rice—while the endings, which shift for masculine or feminine, are like toppings or sauces you add based on your taste. Just as “extra sambal” changes the flavour, changing karte to karti changes the meaning. Here’s a small illustration for better understanding:

Serial No.	Verb (Root)	Meaning	Past (Masculine)	Past (Feminine)	Present (Aap Masculine)	Present (Aap Feminine)	Future (Masculine)	Future (Feminine)
1	Ja	To go	Main gaya	Main gayi	Aap ja rahe hain	Aap ja rahi hain	Main jaunga	Main jaungi
2	Kar	To do	Main kiya	Main ki	Aap karte hain	Aap karti hain	Main karoonga	Main karoongi
3	Khana	To eat	Main khaya	Main khayi	Aap khate hain	Aap khati hain	Main khaunga	Main khaungi
4	Pina	To drink	Main piya	Main piyi	Aap peete hain	Aap peeti hain	Main piyoonga	Main piyoongi
5	Dekhna	To see	Main dekha	Main dekhi	Aap dekhte hain	Aap dekhti hain	Main dekhoonga	Main dekhoongi
6	Likhna	To write	Main likha	Main likhi	Aap likhte hain	Aap likhti hain	Main likhoonga	Main likhoongi
7	Bolna	To speak	Main bola	Main boli	Aap bolte hain	Aap bolti hain	Main boloonga	Main boloongi
8	Sochna	To think	Main socha	Main sochi	Aap sochte hain	Aap sochti hain	Main sochoonga	Main sochoongi
9	Sunna	To listen	Main suna	Main suni	Aap sunte hain	Aap sunti hain	Main sunoonga	Main sunoongi
10	Chalna	To walk	Main chala	Main chali	Aap chalte hain	Aap chalti hain	Main chaloonga	Main chaloongi
11	Rehna	To stay/live	Main raha	Main rahi	Aap rehte hain	Aap rehti hain	Main rahoonga	Main rahoongi
12	Padhna	To study/read	Main padha	Main padhi	Aap padhte hain	Aap padhti hain	Main padhunga	Main padhungi
13	Mangna	To ask/request	Main manga	Main mangi	Aap mangte hain	Aap mangti hain	Main mangoonga	Main mangoongi
14	Dena	To give	Main diya	Main di	Aap dete hain	Aap deti hain	Main doonga	Main doongi
15	Lena	To take	Main liya	Main li	Aap lete hain	Aap leti hain	Main loonga	Main loongi

Verb conjugation might seem tricky at first, but once these simple patterns click, you can construct sentences for any tense or mood. In the next section, we’ll be introducing a Hindi conjugation chart that shows how verbs behave across tenses and persons. For more in-depth references, you can also check out [a complete guide to Hindi tenses] and [a guide to common Hindi verbs]—both of which will give you a structured roadmap for mastering these variations.

Easy Hindi Conjugation Chart for Daily Use

A solid grasp of verb shapes lets you express time, gender, politeness, and number with precision. Think of the system as layers: the core verb root, a Suffix (or set of endings) that marks person and number, and sometimes an Auxiliary element (like hai / hain / tha / thi / honge) that carries tense–aspect or agreement. In daily conversations, you constantly hear rhythmic pairs such as raha / Rahe / Rahi for ongoing actions, and perfect Participle forms like gaya / gayi after motion or completion. The polite Formal register frequently uses aap plus plural-style endings even for a single person, while Main and Ham anchor first‑person statements and Tum sits in the middle, friendly but not overly elevated.

Inside the chart, you will spot verbs whose English glosses (e.g., Read for Padhna, root Padh) remind you which everyday actions to practice. Future plural or respectful forms point forward with -ge endings (as in Honge “will be”), while present statements hinge on hai / hain—the visible face of Hona (“to be”). Motion verbs like Jaa (“go”) model how stems combine with aspect markers. You will use this reference to notice patterns: masculine past ending in -a, feminine in -i or -yi, plural or polite often in -e. Each row becomes a mini map that reduces uncertainty and builds an intuitive sense of what “sounds right” in context, whether you are greeting a friend at a hawker centre or narrating what you just finished doing.

Now, explore the “Easy Hindi Conjugation Chart” below: it lines up 50 high‑frequency verbs across past, present (including progressive markers), and future forms—contrasting masculine, feminine, singular, plural, and polite patterns so you can spot recurring endings at a glance.

Serial No.	Pronoun	Verb (Root)	Singular Past (M)	Singular Past (F)	Singular Present (M)	Singular Present (F)	Singular Future (M)	Singular Future (F)	Plural Past (M)	Plural Past (F)	Plural Present (M)	Plural Present (F)	Plural Future (M)	Plural Future (F)
1	Tum	Ja (to go)	Tum Ja gaya	Tum Ja gayi	Tum Ja rahe hain	Tum Ja rahi hain	Tum Ja jaayega	Tum Ja jaayegi	Tum Ja gaye	Tum Ja gayi thi	Tum Ja rahe hain	Tum Ja rahi hain	Tum Ja honge	Tum Ja hongi
2	Aap	Kar (to do)	Aap Kar gaya	Aap Kar gayi	Aap Kar rahe hain	Aap Kar rahi hain	Aap Kar jaayega	Aap Kar jaayegi	Aap Kar gaye	Aap Kar gayi thi	Aap Kar rahe hain	Aap Kar rahi hain	Aap Kar honge	Aap Kar hongi
3	Ham	Khana (to eat)	Ham Khana gaya	Ham Khana gayi	Ham Khana rahe hain	Ham Khana rahi hain	Ham Khana jaayega	Ham Khana jaayegi	Ham Khana gaye	Ham Khana gayi thi	Ham Khana rahe hain	Ham Khana rahi hain	Ham Khana honge	Ham Khana hongi
4	Vah	Pina (to drink)	Vah Pina gaya	Vah Pina gayi	Vah Pina rahe hain	Vah Pina rahi hain	Vah Pina jaayega	Vah Pina jaayegi	Vah Pina gaye	Vah Pina gayi thi	Vah Pina rahe hain	Vah Pina rahi hain	Vah Pina honge	Vah Pina hongi
5	Main	Dekhna (to see)	Main Dekhna gaya	Main Dekhna gayi	Main Dekhna rahe hain	Main Dekhna rahi hain	Main Dekhna jaayega	Main Dekhna jaayegi	Main Dekhna gaye	Main Dekhna gayi thi	Main Dekhna rahe hain	Main Dekhna rahi hain	Main Dekhna honge	Main Dekhna hongi
6	Tum	Likhna (to write)	Tum Likhna gaya	Tum Likhna gayi	Tum Likhna rahe hain	Tum Likhna rahi hain	Tum Likhna jaayega	Tum Likhna jaayegi	Tum Likhna gaye	Tum Likhna gayi thi	Tum Likhna rahe hain	Tum Likhna rahi hain	Tum Likhna honge	Tum Likhna hongi
7	Aap	Bolna (to speak)	Aap Bolna gaya	Aap Bolna gayi	Aap Bolna rahe hain	Aap Bolna rahi hain	Aap Bolna jaayega	Aap Bolna jaayegi	Aap Bolna gaye	Aap Bolna gayi thi	Aap Bolna rahe hain	Aap Bolna rahi hain	Aap Bolna honge	Aap Bolna hongi
8	Ham	Sochna (to think)	Ham Sochna gaya	Ham Sochna gayi	Ham Sochna rahe hain	Ham Sochna rahi hain	Ham Sochna jaayega	Ham Sochna jaayegi	Ham Sochna gaye	Ham Sochna gayi thi	Ham Sochna rahe hain	Ham Sochna rahi hain	Ham Sochna honge	Ham Sochna hongi
9	Vah	Sunna (to listen)	Vah Sunna gaya	Vah Sunna gayi	Vah Sunna rahe hain	Vah Sunna rahi hain	Vah Sunna jaayega	Vah Sunna jaayegi	Vah Sunna gaye	Vah Sunna gayi thi	Vah Sunna rahe hain	Vah Sunna rahi hain	Vah Sunna honge	Vah Sunna hongi
10	Main	Chalna (to walk)	Main Chalna gaya	Main Chalna gayi	Main Chalna rahe hain	Main Chalna rahi hain	Main Chalna jaayega	Main Chalna jaayegi	Main Chalna gaye	Main Chalna gayi thi	Main Chalna rahe hain	Main Chalna rahi hain	Main Chalna honge	Main Chalna hongi
11	Tum	Rehna (to stay/live)	Tum Rehna gaya	Tum Rehna gayi	Tum Rehna rahe hain	Tum Rehna rahi hain	Tum Rehna jaayega	Tum Rehna jaayegi	Tum Rehna gaye	Tum Rehna gayi thi	Tum Rehna rahe hain	Tum Rehna rahi hain	Tum Rehna honge	Tum Rehna hongi
12	Aap	Padhna (to read/study)	Aap Padhna gaya	Aap Padhna gayi	Aap Padhna rahe hain	Aap Padhna rahi hain	Aap Padhna jaayega	Aap Padhna jaayegi	Aap Padhna gaye	Aap Padhna gayi thi	Aap Padhna rahe hain	Aap Padhna rahi hain	Aap Padhna honge	Aap Padhna hongi
13	Ham	Mangna (to ask/request)	Ham Mangna gaya	Ham Mangna gayi	Ham Mangna rahe hain	Ham Mangna rahi hain	Ham Mangna jaayega	Ham Mangna jaayegi	Ham Mangna gaye	Ham Mangna gayi thi	Ham Mangna rahe hain	Ham Mangna rahi hain	Ham Mangna honge	Ham Mangna hongi
14	Vah	Dena (to give)	Vah Dena gaya	Vah Dena gayi	Vah Dena rahe hain	Vah Dena rahi hain	Vah Dena jaayega	Vah Dena jaayegi	Vah Dena gaye	Vah Dena gayi thi	Vah Dena rahe hain	Vah Dena rahi hain	Vah Dena honge	Vah Dena hongi
15	Main	Lena (to take)	Main Lena gaya	Main Lena gayi	Main Lena rahe hain	Main Lena rahi hain	Main Lena jaayega	Main Lena jaayegi	Main Lena gaye	Main Lena gayi thi	Main Lena rahe hain	Main Lena rahi hain	Main Lena honge	Main Lena hongi
16	Tum	Khilna (to play)	Tum Khilna gaya	Tum Khilna gayi	Tum Khilna rahe hain	Tum Khilna rahi hain	Tum Khilna jaayega	Tum Khilna jaayegi	Tum Khilna gaye	Tum Khilna gayi thi	Tum Khilna rahe hain	Tum Khilna rahi hain	Tum Khilna honge	Tum Khilna hongi
17	Aap	Sikhna (to learn)	Aap Sikhna gaya	Aap Sikhna gayi	Aap Sikhna rahe hain	Aap Sikhna rahi hain	Aap Sikhna jaayega	Aap Sikhna jaayegi	Aap Sikhna gaye	Aap Sikhna gayi thi	Aap Sikhna rahe hain	Aap Sikhna rahi hain	Aap Sikhna honge	Aap Sikhna hongi
18	Ham	Samajhna (to understand)	Ham Samajhna gaya	Ham Samajhna gayi	Ham Samajhna rahe hain	Ham Samajhna rahi hain	Ham Samajhna jaayega	Ham Samajhna jaayegi	Ham Samajhna gaye	Ham Samajhna gayi thi	Ham Samajhna rahe hain	Ham Samajhna rahi hain	Ham Samajhna honge	Ham Samajhna hongi
19	Vah	Rakhna (to keep)	Vah Rakhna gaya	Vah Rakhna gayi	Vah Rakhna rahe hain	Vah Rakhna rahi hain	Vah Rakhna jaayega	Vah Rakhna jaayegi	Vah Rakhna gaye	Vah Rakhna gayi thi	Vah Rakhna rahe hain	Vah Rakhna rahi hain	Vah Rakhna honge	Vah Rakhna hongi
20	Main	Banana (to make)	Main Banana gaya	Main Banana gayi	Main Banana rahe hain	Main Banana rahi hain	Main Banana jaayega	Main Banana jaayegi	Main Banana gaye	Main Banana gayi thi	Main Banana rahe hain	Main Banana rahi hain	Main Banana honge	Main Banana hongi
21	Tum	Kholna (to open)	Tum Kholna gaya	Tum Kholna gayi	Tum Kholna rahe hain	Tum Kholna rahi hain	Tum Kholna jaayega	Tum Kholna jaayegi	Tum Kholna gaye	Tum Kholna gayi thi	Tum Kholna rahe hain	Tum Kholna rahi hain	Tum Kholna honge	Tum Kholna hongi
22	Aap	Band Karna (to close)	Aap Band gaya	Aap Band gayi	Aap Band rahe hain	Aap Band rahi hain	Aap Band jaayega	Aap Band jaayegi	Aap Band gaye	Aap Band gayi thi	Aap Band rahe hain	Aap Band rahi hain	Aap Band honge	Aap Band hongi
23	Ham	Ghuma (to roam)	Ham Ghuma gaya	Ham Ghuma gayi	Ham Ghuma rahe hain	Ham Ghuma rahi hain	Ham Ghuma jaayega	Ham Ghuma jaayegi	Ham Ghuma gaye	Ham Ghuma gayi thi	Ham Ghuma rahe hain	Ham Ghuma rahi hain	Ham Ghuma honge	Ham Ghuma hongi
24	Vah	Bhejna (to send)	Vah Bhejna gaya	Vah Bhejna gayi	Vah Bhejna rahe hain	Vah Bhejna rahi hain	Vah Bhejna jaayega	Vah Bhejna jaayegi	Vah Bhejna gaye	Vah Bhejna gayi thi	Vah Bhejna rahe hain	Vah Bhejna rahi hain	Vah Bhejna honge	Vah Bhejna hongi
25	Main	Bulana (to call)	Main Bulana gaya	Main Bulana gayi	Main Bulana rahe hain	Main Bulana rahi hain	Main Bulana jaayega	Main Bulana jaayegi	Main Bulana gaye	Main Bulana gayi thi	Main Bulana rahe hain	Main Bulana rahi hain	Main Bulana honge	Main Bulana hongi
26	Tum	Pakadna (to catch)	Tum Pakadna gaya	Tum Pakadna gayi	Tum Pakadna rahe hain	Tum Pakadna rahi hain	Tum Pakadna jaayega	Tum Pakadna jaayegi	Tum Pakadna gaye	Tum Pakadna gayi thi	Tum Pakadna rahe hain	Tum Pakadna rahi hain	Tum Pakadna honge	Tum Pakadna hongi
27	Aap	Khadna (to stand)	Aap Khadna gaya	Aap Khadna gayi	Aap Khadna rahe hain	Aap Khadna rahi hain	Aap Khadna jaayega	Aap Khadna jaayegi	Aap Khadna gaye	Aap Khadna gayi thi	Aap Khadna rahe hain	Aap Khadna rahi hain	Aap Khadna honge	Aap Khadna hongi
28	Ham	Baithna (to sit)	Ham Baithna gaya	Ham Baithna gayi	Ham Baithna rahe hain	Ham Baithna rahi hain	Ham Baithna jaayega	Ham Baithna jaayegi	Ham Baithna gaye	Ham Baithna gayi thi	Ham Baithna rahe hain	Ham Baithna rahi hain	Ham Baithna honge	Ham Baithna hongi
29	Vah	Chhodna (to leave)	Vah Chhodna gaya	Vah Chhodna gayi	Vah Chhodna rahe hain	Vah Chhodna rahi hain	Vah Chhodna jaayega	Vah Chhodna jaayegi	Vah Chhodna gaye	Vah Chhodna gayi thi	Vah Chhodna rahe hain	Vah Chhodna rahi hain	Vah Chhodna honge	Vah Chhodna hongi
30	Main	Sona (to sleep)	Main Sona gaya	Main Sona gayi	Main Sona rahe hain	Main Sona rahi hain	Main Sona jaayega	Main Sona jaayegi	Main Sona gaye	Main Sona gayi thi	Main Sona rahe hain	Main Sona rahi hain	Main Sona honge	Main Sona hongi
31	Tum	Jagna (to wake up)	Tum Jagna gaya	Tum Jagna gayi	Tum Jagna rahe hain	Tum Jagna rahi hain	Tum Jagna jaayega	Tum Jagna jaayegi	Tum Jagna gaye	Tum Jagna gayi thi	Tum Jagna rahe hain	Tum Jagna rahi hain	Tum Jagna honge	Tum Jagna hongi
32	Aap	Badhna (to increase)	Aap Badhna gaya	Aap Badhna gayi	Aap Badhna rahe hain	Aap Badhna rahi hain	Aap Badhna jaayega	Aap Badhna jaayegi	Aap Badhna gaye	Aap Badhna gayi thi	Aap Badhna rahe hain	Aap Badhna rahi hain	Aap Badhna honge	Aap Badhna hongi
33	Ham	Ghata (to decrease)	Ham Ghata gaya	Ham Ghata gayi	Ham Ghata rahe hain	Ham Ghata rahi hain	Ham Ghata jaayega	Ham Ghata jaayegi	Ham Ghata gaye	Ham Ghata gayi thi	Ham Ghata rahe hain	Ham Ghata rahi hain	Ham Ghata honge	Ham Ghata hongi
34	Vah	Lagana (to apply)	Vah Lagana gaya	Vah Lagana gayi	Vah Lagana rahe hain	Vah Lagana rahi hain	Vah Lagana jaayega	Vah Lagana jaayegi	Vah Lagana gaye	Vah Lagana gayi thi	Vah Lagana rahe hain	Vah Lagana rahi hain	Vah Lagana honge	Vah Lagana hongi
35	Main	Pahuchna (to reach)	Main Pahuchna gaya	Main Pahuchna gayi	Main Pahuchna rahe hain	Main Pahuchna rahi hain	Main Pahuchna jaayega	Main Pahuchna jaayegi	Main Pahuchna gaye	Main Pahuchna gayi thi	Main Pahuchna rahe hain	Main Pahuchna rahi hain	Main Pahuchna honge	Main Pahuchna hongi
36	Tum	Girana (to drop)	Tum Girana gaya	Tum Girana gayi	Tum Girana rahe hain	Tum Girana rahi hain	Tum Girana jaayega	Tum Girana jaayegi	Tum Girana gaye	Tum Girana gayi thi	Tum Girana rahe hain	Tum Girana rahi hain	Tum Girana honge	Tum Girana hongi
37	Aap	Chakhna (to taste)	Aap Chakhna gaya	Aap Chakhna gayi	Aap Chakhna rahe hain	Aap Chakhna rahi hain	Aap Chakhna jaayega	Aap Chakhna jaayegi	Aap Chakhna gaye	Aap Chakhna gayi thi	Aap Chakhna rahe hain	Aap Chakhna rahi hain	Aap Chakhna honge	Aap Chakhna hongi
38	Ham	Peetna (to beat)	Ham Peetna gaya	Ham Peetna gayi	Ham Peetna rahe hain	Ham Peetna rahi hain	Ham Peetna jaayega	Ham Peetna jaayegi	Ham Peetna gaye	Ham Peetna gayi thi	Ham Peetna rahe hain	Ham Peetna rahi hain	Ham Peetna honge	Ham Peetna hongi
39	Vah	Seena (to sew)	Vah Seena gaya	Vah Seena gayi	Vah Seena rahe hain	Vah Seena rahi hain	Vah Seena jaayega	Vah Seena jaayegi	Vah Seena gaye	Vah Seena gayi thi	Vah Seena rahe hain	Vah Seena rahi hain	Vah Seena honge	Vah Seena hongi
40	Main	Tootna (to break)	Main Tootna gaya	Main Tootna gayi	Main Tootna rahe hain	Main Tootna rahi hain	Main Tootna jaayega	Main Tootna jaayegi	Main Tootna gaye	Main Tootna gayi thi	Main Tootna rahe hain	Main Tootna rahi hain	Main Tootna honge	Main Tootna hongi
41	Tum	Jodna (to join)	Tum Jodna gaya	Tum Jodna gayi	Tum Jodna rahe hain	Tum Jodna rahi hain	Tum Jodna jaayega	Tum Jodna jaayegi	Tum Jodna gaye	Tum Jodna gayi thi	Tum Jodna rahe hain	Tum Jodna rahi hain	Tum Jodna honge	Tum Jodna hongi
42	Aap	Sojna (to decorate)	Aap Sojna gaya	Aap Sojna gayi	Aap Sojna rahe hain	Aap Sojna rahi hain	Aap Sojna jaayega	Aap Sojna jaayegi	Aap Sojna gaye	Aap Sojna gayi thi	Aap Sojna rahe hain	Aap Sojna rahi hain	Aap Sojna honge	Aap Sojna hongi
43	Ham	Poochna (to ask)	Ham Poochna gaya	Ham Poochna gayi	Ham Poochna rahe hain	Ham Poochna rahi hain	Ham Poochna jaayega	Ham Poochna jaayegi	Ham Poochna gaye	Ham Poochna gayi thi	Ham Poochna rahe hain	Ham Poochna rahi hain	Ham Poochna honge	Ham Poochna hongi
44	Vah	Bachna (to save)	Vah Bachna gaya	Vah Bachna gayi	Vah Bachna rahe hain	Vah Bachna rahi hain	Vah Bachna jaayega	Vah Bachna jaayegi	Vah Bachna gaye	Vah Bachna gayi thi	Vah Bachna rahe hain	Vah Bachna rahi hain	Vah Bachna honge	Vah Bachna hongi
45	Main	Chupna (to hide)	Main Chupna gaya	Main Chupna gayi	Main Chupna rahe hain	Main Chupna rahi hain	Main Chupna jaayega	Main Chupna jaayegi	Main Chupna gaye	Main Chupna gayi thi	Main Chupna rahe hain	Main Chupna rahi hain	Main Chupna honge	Main Chupna hongi
46	Tum	Udna (to fly)	Tum Udna gaya	Tum Udna gayi	Tum Udna rahe hain	Tum Udna rahi hain	Tum Udna jaayega	Tum Udna jaayegi	Tum Udna gaye	Tum Udna gayi thi	Tum Udna rahe hain	Tum Udna rahi hain	Tum Udna honge	Tum Udna hongi
47	Aap	Nikalna (to go out)	Aap Nikalna gaya	Aap Nikalna gayi	Aap Nikalna rahe hain	Aap Nikalna rahi hain	Aap Nikalna jaayega	Aap Nikalna jaayegi	Aap Nikalna gaye	Aap Nikalna gayi thi	Aap Nikalna rahe hain	Aap Nikalna rahi hain	Aap Nikalna honge	Aap Nikalna hongi
48	Ham	Badhna (to grow)	Ham Badhna gaya	Ham Badhna gayi	Ham Badhna rahe hain	Ham Badhna rahi hain	Ham Badhna jaayega	Ham Badhna jaayegi	Ham Badhna gaye	Ham Badhna gayi thi	Ham Badhna rahe hain	Ham Badhna rahi hain	Ham Badhna honge	Ham Badhna hongi
49	Vah	Chadhna (to climb)	Vah Chadhna gaya	Vah Chadhna gayi	Vah Chadhna rahe hain	Vah Chadhna rahi hain	Vah Chadhna jaayega	Vah Chadhna jaayegi	Vah Chadhna gaye	Vah Chadhna gayi thi	Vah Chadhna rahe hain	Vah Chadhna rahi hain	Vah Chadhna honge	Vah Chadhna hongi
50	Main	Dhona (to wash)	Main Dhona gaya	Main Dhona gayi	Main Dhona rahe hain	Main Dhona rahi hain	Main Dhona jaayega	Main Dhona jaayegi	Main Dhona gaye	Main Dhona gayi thi	Main Dhona rahe hain	Main Dhona rahi hain	Main Dhona honge	Main Dhona hongi

This conjugation chart is more than a static grid; it is a living pattern bank you can Use to assemble accurate verb phrases in real situations—greeting elders (choose the Formal aap forms), planning what Ham will do tomorrow (future -ge endings), or narrating what Tum padh rahe ho (are reading) right now. By tracing how a single root like padh- produces main padh raha hoon, ham padh rahe the, or a future ham padh rahe Honge in a projected scenario, you internalise the moving parts: root + aspect/participial marker + agreement + auxiliary.

How to Read the Chart (A Routine)

• Scan one column (e.g. all past feminine) to notice the repeating -i.
• Circle all future plural/polite forms: you’ll keep seeing -ge or -enge (same family as in Honge “will be”).
• Underline every progressive cluster (raha / Rahe / Rahi) to cement the pattern.
• Practice swapping pronouns: say the same sentence with Main, then Tum, then aap, then Ham—adjust just the tiny pieces that need to move.
• Use mini stories: “In the morning main padh raha hoon, by noon ham padh rahe the, tomorrow ham padhenge.” Story glue helps memory.

Each element keeps its function transparent, so alteration never feels random. Keep returning to progressive sequences (raha / Rahe / Rahi), perfect participle contrasts (-a / -i / -e), and the be‑forms (hai / hogi / Honge) to reinforce a mental template you can adapt to any new verb you meet. When you feel comfortable swapping pronouns and tenses fluidly, take the next step into structuring complete statements, questions, and connected narratives—see [Building Sentences in Hindi] for turning these conjugated pieces into clear, natural communication.

Quick Cheat Codes

Function	Tile You Drop In	Quick Clue
Ongoing action	raha / Rahe / Rahi	Change this for gender/number
Finished action	-a / -i / -e (perfect participle)	“Completed” feeling
Present “is/are”	Hai / hain	Agreement with subject
Past “was/were”	tha / Thi / the	Time shift to past
Future “will be”	hoga / hogi / Honge	“Future be” helper
Will (verb)	-ga / -gi / -ge on stem	Attach to root

Interactive Hindi Verb Conjugation Worksheet: Present, Past, and Future Tenses

Understanding Hindi verb conjugation is essential to form correct present tense, past tense, and future tense sentences. This worksheet will help you practice real-life structures such as padh raha, padh rahi, padh rahe, kar rahe, and voh yeh padh raha hai. By focusing on continuous, perfect, and regular patterns, learners can master the Hindi verbs step by step.

Below is a set of exercises, phrases, and examples designed for students who want to read, repeat, and apply Hindi verb conjugation rules in everyday conversations.

The table below provides a multilingual breakdown of simple Hindi sentences, designed to help learners understand how Hindi sentence structures work in everyday conversation. Each example includes the Hindi sentence, its English meaning, the correct Devanagari script, and pronunciation. To support multilingual learners, we've also included Malay and Mandarin translations with pronunciations. Notes are provided for each sentence to explain grammar rules, formality levels, and usage context—making it easier for beginners to grasp sentence formation in Hindi.

Hindi Sentence	English Meaning	Hindi (Devanagari)	Hindi Pronunciation	Malay Translation	Malay Pronunciation	Mandarin Translation	Mandarin Pronunciation (Pinyin)	Notes
Tum kar rahe ho	You are doing (informal)	तुम कर रहे हो	tum kar rahe ho	Kamu sedang buat	kah-moo seh-dahng boo-aht	你在做	Nǐ zài zuò	"Tum" is informal; "rahe ho" shows present continuous action.
Aap kar rahe hain	You are doing (formal/polite)	आप कर रहे हैं	aap kar rahe hain	Anda sedang buat	ahn-dah seh-dahng boo-aht	您在做	Nín zài zuò	"Aap" is formal; "rahe hain" shows respect or plural form.
Voh yeh kar raha hai	He is doing this	वह यह कर रहा है	voh yeh kar raha hai	Dia sedang buat ini (lelaki)	dee-ah seh-dahng boo-aht ee-nee	他正在做这个	Tā zhèngzài zuò zhège	Masculine form; "raha hai" indicates male subject.
Voh yeh kar rahi hai	She is doing this	वह यह कर रही है	voh yeh kar rahi hai	Dia sedang buat ini (perempuan)	dee-ah seh-dahng boo-aht ee-nee	她正在做这个	Tā zhèngzài zuò zhège	Feminine form; "rahi hai" indicates female subject.
Ye log padh rahe hain	These people are studying	ये लोग पढ़ रहे हैं	ye log padh rahe hain	Mereka sedang belajar	muh-ray-kah seh-dahng bluh-jar	他们正在学习	Tāmen zhèngzài xuéxí	Plural form; "rahe hain" for multiple people.
Kar rahe ho	You are doing (conversational)	कर रहे हो	kar rahe ho	Kamu sedang buat	kah-moo seh-dahng boo-aht	你在做	Nǐ zài zuò	Fragment; still indicates present continuous action.
Kar rahe hain	They / You (formal) are doing	कर रहे हैं	kar rahe hain	Mereka / Anda sedang buat	muh-ray-kah / ahn-dah seh-dahng boo-aht	他们在做 / 您在做	Tāmen zài zuò / Nín zài zuò	"Rahe hain" suits plural or polite/formal use.
Kar rahe	Doing (root/continuing form)	कर रहे	kar rahe	Sedang buat (root)	seh-dahng boo-aht	做着 (基础形式)	Zuòzhe (jīchǔ xíngshì)	Used in drills or practice; not a complete sentence.

The table below explains how to express past actions in Hindi using common sentence patterns.

Hindi Sentence	English Meaning	Hindi (Devanagari)	Hindi Pronunciation	Malay Translation	Malay Pronunciation	Mandarin Translation	Mandarin Pronunciation (Pinyin)	Notes
Tum padh rahe the	You were reading (informal)	तुम पढ़ रहे थे	tum padh rahe the	Kamu sedang membaca	kah-moo seh-dahng mem-bah-chah	你在读书	Nǐ zài dúshū	"Rahe the" = past continuous masculine/plural; shows ongoing past action.
Tum padh rahi thii	You (female) were reading	तुम पढ़ रही थी	tum padh rahi thii	Kamu (perempuan) sedang membaca	kah-moo per-em-puan seh-dahng mem-bah-chah	你（女）在读书	Nǐ (nǚ) zài dúshū	"Rahi thii" = feminine past continuous.
Voh padh raha thaa	He was reading	वह पढ़ रहा था	voh padh raha thaa	Dia (lelaki) sedang membaca	dee-ah le-la-ki seh-dahng mem-bah-chah	他在读书	Tā zài dúshū	Masculine past continuous: "raha thaa" = he was ...‑ing.
Voh padh rahi thii	She was reading	वह पढ़ रही थी	voh padh rahi thii	Dia (perempuan) sedang membaca	dee-ah per-em-puan seh-dahng mem-bah-chah	她在读书	Tā zài dúshū	Feminine past continuous structure.
Padhta tha / thii	He/She used to read	पढ़ता था / पढ़ती थी	padhta tha / padhti thii	Dia biasa membaca / pernah membaca	dee-ah bee-ah-sah / per-nah mem-bah-chah	他/她过去常读书	Tā guòqù cháng dúshū	Habitual action in the past; indicates repetition over time.
Raha rahi thaa	(…was …‑ing)	रहा / रही था	raha / rahi thaa	...sedang... (terus berlaku)	seh-dahng ber-la-ku	...正在...中	Zhèngzài ... zhōng	Shows ongoing past action, gender dependent.
Rahi tha thi	(…was/were …‑ing – feminine/masculine markers)	रही / था / थी	rahi / tha / thi	...sedang... (bentuk jantina)	seh-dahng (jan-ti-nah)	...正在...(性别区分)	Zhèngzài ... (xìngbié qūfēn)	Highlights gender differences in past continuous verbs.
Raha thaa	Was (masculine, emphatic)	रहा था	raha thaa	Sedang (lelaki, penekanan)	seh-dahng (le-la-ki, pe-nek-ah-nan)	正在...(男性，强调)	Zhèngzài ... (nánxìng, qiángdiào)	Older or emphatic masculine past form; still grammatically correct.

The table below focuses on the Future Tense in Hindi, showing how to express ongoing actions that will take place in the future. Each sentence is translated into English, Malay, and Mandarin, with pronunciations included to support multilingual learners. Use this as a reference to understand gender and plurality patterns in future progressive forms.

Hindi Sentence	English Meaning	Devanagari Script	Hindi Pronunciation	Malay Translation	Malay Pronunciation	Mandarin Translation	Mandarin Pronunciation	Notes
Tum padh rahe honge	You will be reading	तुम पढ़ रहे होंगे	Tum padh rahe honge	Awak akan sedang membaca	a-wak a-kan se-daang mem-ba-ca	你会在阅读	Nǐ huì zài yuèdú	Future continuous; informal/plural "you".
Voh padh raha hunga	He will be reading	वह पढ़ रहा हूंगा	Voh padh raha hunga	Dia (lelaki) akan sedang membaca	dee-a a-kan se-daang mem-ba-ca	他将会在阅读	Tā jiāng huì zài yuèdú	Masculine singular future continuous form.
Voh padh rahi hungi	She will be reading	वह पढ़ रही हूंगी	Voh padh rahi hungi	Dia (perempuan) akan sedang membaca	dee-a a-kan se-daang mem-ba-ca	她将会在阅读	Tā jiāng huì zài yuèdú	Feminine singular future continuous form.
Padh rahe honge	They will be reading	पढ़ रहे होंगे	Padh rahe honge	Mereka akan sedang membaca	me-re-ka a-kan se-daang mem-ba-ca	他们会在阅读	Tāmen huì zài yuèdú	Plural form for future continuous.
Rahi honge hungi	Will be (she/they)	रही होंगे / हूंगी	Rahi honge / hungi	Akan sedang (dia/perempuan)	a-kan se-daang dee-a	会在阅读（她们）	Huì zài yuèdú (tāmen)	Shows gender/plural differences in future progressive forms.
Rahi hunga hungi	Will be reading (gender)	रही हूंगा / हूंगी	Rahi hunga / hungi	Akan sedang membaca (lelaki/perempuan)	a-kan se-daang mem-ba-ca	将会在阅读（他/她）	Jiāng huì zài yuèdú (tā/tā)	Demonstrates auxiliary verb use for male/female future tense.
Raha rahi hunga	Will be reading	रहा / रही हूंगा	Raha / rahi hunga	Akan sedang membaca	a-kan se-daang mem-ba-ca	将会在阅读	Jiāng huì zài yuèdú	Combines masculine/feminine markers for future reading.
Honge hungi	Will be	होंगे / हूंगी	Honge / hungi	Akan	a-kan	会	Huì	Auxiliary forms meaning "will be"; used in future continuous context.

At this point, you have seen how every Hindi sentence you read starts by identifying the Subject, then choosing the right Participle, and finally attaching a matching Suffix plus the auxiliary (here we’ve called it Ona to remind you of hona). When you spot the Subject first, the path from root like Jaa (“to go”) or a study root like padh to a finished form becomes predictable: root → Participle (for aspect) → Suffix (for gender/number/politeness) → Ona form. Each time you read a new line, pause and label the Subject, underline the Participle, circle the Suffix, and note which Ona piece appears (present, past, or future). Repeating that tiny routine trains your eye to decode forms built from Jaa just as easily as those built from other verbs.

Remember: the Subject drives agreement; the Participle carries aspect; the Suffix finishes the agreement signal; Ona supplies time and links everything; and frequent, mindful Read/speak cycles turn the pattern into instinct. Take ten fresh verbs today (include Jaa) and for each write a mini ladder: Subject changes, Participle swaps (progressive vs. perfect), Suffix adjustments, and the matching Ona forms. Then read the ladders aloud twice. This focused recycling is far more powerful than skimming long lists. Keep returning to the trio “Subject – Participle – Suffix – Ona” and soon you will glide from “I go” to nuanced narrative forms with Jaa and beyond. Stay consistent, keep a daily Read log, and celebrate every small, correct build—fluency grows exactly from these precise layers.

Global Destinations and Platforms for Hindi Lessons

Choosing where to take a Hindi lesson starts with clarifying your study style: some learners thrive on a formal timetable with a regular weekly rhythm, while others prefer a lighter path that keeps explanations simple and leaves room to explore at their own pace. High‑quality providers (on campus or online) have used clear, graded materials you can read and revisit, often pairing a small set of core patterns with a few free practice tools so progress never depends only on paid add‑ons. The aim is to build a perfect base of core verbs and sentence habits before you scale into richer expression. In the next sections, we’ll map trusted options in Singapore, India, London, and online so you can match format and goals efficiently.

Where to Find Simple and Effective Hindi Lessons in Singapore

Singapore offers more than one reliable Hindi lesson path: university modules, structured community classes, and private small‑group sessions. University options give you a formal timetable and a regular weekly rhythm; community centres and cultural societies provide evening or weekend batches that feel more flexible. In every format, teachers start with the verb stem and a simple set of patterns so you can build the present tense accurately before touching past or future.

Reading practice is used early (short dialogues you can read), so pronunciation and spelling grow together. As you gain control of agreement endings, you move naturally into the perfect forms without memorising long lists. This steady progression keeps overload low and shows you exactly how small changes shift meaning. Shortlist two providers, compare the schedule and certification, and enrol in the one whose structure you can finish—finishing matters more than starting fast.

If you want a formal and certified way to learn Hindi in Singapore, consider these key providers:

For learners seeking more flexibility, Superprof is a powerful online platform in Singapore that connects students with over 1,000 professional Hindi tutors. These tutors offer personalised classes tailored to individual needs, whether you want to master the basics or advance to complex grammar. With its range of price points, scheduling options, and verified tutor reviews, Superprof is an excellent alternative for students who prefer one-on-one attention or remote learning.

Where to Find Simple and Effective Hindi Lessons in London

If you are lucky enough to live in the English capital, you will not have any trouble finding a Hindi lesson. Britain has a long colonial past, and until 1947, India was under British rule, which explains why London has such an important and thriving Indian community.

One of the leading Hindi teaching schools is the LSI (or Languages Studies International). Founded in 1965 by a former army education officer, the company now has 14 different schools around the world, but its North London location (in Hampstead) offers both one-to-one tuition and small group classes. They tailor their lessons to each student, making sure that you progress at your rhythm.

India is the meeting place of the religions and among these Hinduism alone is by itself a vast and complex thing, not so much a religion as a great diversified and yet subtly unified mass of spiritual thought, realization and aspiration.

- Sri Aurobindo, Indian philosopher, yogi, guru, poet, and nationalist.

The City Literary Institute, based in Covent Garden, offers more than 5,000 short courses to more than 27,000 Londoners every year. Amongst all those courses, they provide a robust Hindi curriculum, ranging from a total beginner to a third-year level course.

When you begin learning Hindi at City Lit, you will mostly develop your listening and speaking skills as these classes focus on spoken Hindi. Learning how to speak Hindi and how to write in the Devanagari script are two entirely different processes, and this way you could start to chat with your new Indian colleagues as soon as you land.

Finally, the School of Oriental and African Studies or SOAS, which is part of the University of London, offers a great beginners' course. This is a long course, running over three terms of 10 weeks each with 2 hours of Hindi lessons every week. This course will cover all the communication skills, listening, speaking, reading and writing. Tutors use both Hindi and English to teach the class, and you will learn everything from Hindi grammar and vocabulary to the Hindi numerals and writing system.

Where to Find Simple and Effective Hindi Lessons in Hindi

If you hadn't had time to take lessons before you left Singapore, do not worry. You will be able to learn Hindi in its home country.

If you are based in Mumbai, World Unite is one of the schools that offer the most comprehensive language classes around the city. The school takes on both foreigners wishing to learn the local languages as well as locals wanting to learn another Indian dialect.

The classes genuinely reflect the melting pot city that Mumb10-minuteai is, and while you are there, why not learn Marathi, Tamil or Kannada?

If you are located in New Delhi, HindiGuru is a well-established Hindi teaching school, mainly aimed at foreigners wanting to learn one of the official languages of India. The school offer multiple options ranging from a 7-day course to a 6-month program and everything in between.

They keep their classes small to be able to make sure that each student receives enough attention from their qualified teacher. Located in South Delhi, it is less than a 10-minute walk from the Malviya Nagar metro station.

The Zabaan Language Institute is another excellent school offering Hindi classes for beginners and advanced speakers alike. Founded by Ali Taqi and Neha Tiwari, who saw that the curriculum offered by most Indian universities focuses solely on reading and writing. They believe that learning a language should focus on "a practical proficiency built on a deep understanding of grammatical structures and rich vocabulary".

"It's not so much what you learn about Mumbai, it's what you learn about yourself, really. It's a funny old hippie thing, but it's true as well. You find out a lot about yourself and your tolerance, and about your inclusiveness."

- Danny Boyle, English director and producer

The Zabaan Institute takes into account the needs, interests and goals of each student to offer the best educational experience possible. Teachers can pick and choose the best teaching materials from the full range of resources available within the Institute. The classes are balanced and will arm you with a deep understanding of Hindi grammatical rules, a solid and rich Hindi vocabulary and conversational Hindi.

One of the unique aspects of the beginner's class offered at the Zabaan Institute is that they are taught by non-native speakers. This means that your teachers will know exactly how hard Hindi might be to learn. These teachers will also give you a continuous informal evaluation of progress, making sure that you are comfortable with the pace of your learning.

Wherever you are in India, here at Superprof, we've got you covered. With a professional network of nearly 1,000 private tutors, be sure that you will be able to find a teacher that suits your needs. From Hyderabad to Jaipur and Chennai, our tutors are all over India.

Find Hindi Lessons Online

Many online platforms will let you learn Hindi, either before you depart or once you make it to India.

Loecsen will be a great start if you want to learn the rudiments of Hindi. This free website will give essential phrases to use in different situations, how to use transport, how to order at the restaurant and how to greet people. The website will provide you with both the Devanagari script and the English phonetic pronunciation.

Duolingo is also an excellent tool if you want to learn Hindi before you move to India. The app claims that it can teach Hindi by following 5-minute lessons every day. Not sure how true this is, but practising your Hindi every day certainly can't hurt.

Rocket Language, the famous linguistic teaching company, also offers some free resources online, but the bulk of their lessons is only accessible if you pay. That being said, Rocket Language is a well-recognised teaching institution, and the methods they use have been proven to be efficient.

As you may not be able to find a lesson near you, why not have the lesson come to you?

Many of the qualified teachers registered on Superprof offer live webcam classes through platforms like Skype, ensuring that even busy learners can attend lessons without commuting. What truly sets Superprof apart is its personalised approach—you can choose from more than 1,000 experienced Hindi tutors, each with verified reviews and ratings, allowing you to pick a mentor whose teaching style suits you best.

While free online resources are useful at the beginning, most students agree that real progress comes when you receive individual feedback, structured guidance, and regular practice—all of which Superprof guarantees. Our tutors are skilled at simplifying complex grammar, guiding you through the verb forms, tenses, and participles until you can speak confidently and naturally. The platform’s flexibility means you can schedule sessions anytime, focus on exactly what you need (from conversational practice to script reading), and achieve results faster than by self-study alone.

If you want to take your Hindi journey seriously and master it with confidence, Superprof is one of the best platforms to start today. Its professional tutors, combined with flexible pricing and the ability to learn from anywhere, make it a truly perfect choice for both beginners and advanced learners.